ANDROID
Definition:- Android is a Mobile Platform. It's consist of three things called:-
1. Operating System ( OS )
2. Middle Ware
3. Key Applications
Example:- Mobile Phone
Mobile Phone contains of Two things:-
1. Software Component
2. Hardware Component
✱ Software Component directly interacting with Hardware Component. The middle layer between those two is called Operating System ( OS ).
✱ Operating System ( OS ) is the abstraction between Software Component and Hardware Component.
✱ Operating System in Android Devices is Linux Kernal.
Responsibilities of OS?
1. Memory Management:- It manege's Deleting, Adding, making places, consuming place in the memory and ram.
Example:- If you have 8GB memory in your device and you have added a file of 2GB then it coves that and show the used and remaining of the memory and if you delete it it will also show that how must used and remaining in your memory.
2. Resource Management:- At a time we can perform multiple operations. It alocate's the resources to the each process.
3. Driver Management:- It manage Universal Serial Bus ( USB ), It manege's all the port' given to use.
4. Power Management:- It manege's the power consumption and charging etc..
Components:-
1. The Android Applications ( or ) Software Component.
✱ By using which programming language we can develop android applications?
You can develop android applications by using key languages like:-
1. Java
2. C
3. C++
4. .NET
But the Latest versions of android will support only for java from Marshmallow.
✱ If your writing code of an android application with using Java you have to take support of Software Development Kit ( SDK ).
✱ If your writing code of an android applications with using C/C++ you have to take support of Native Development Kit ( NDK ).
✱ If your writing code of an android applications with using .NET you have to take support of Mono Android.
✱ If your Writing code of an android applications with using Java you also need to import some Java Libraries and it also take help from another programming language is called native libraries for graphics, media etc.., because java does not create graphic so it interact with native libraries. ( OPENGLES ) is the one of the graphic library in native Libraries.
Application Frame Work:- This will provide all the ready made libraries to work directly with that component we need like location Components, Bluetooth component, wifi components etc...., instead of typing number of lines or huge amount of code of code. It provide every infrastructure for the application development.
Evolution of Android:-
S.No.
|
Version Number
|
Version Name
|
Released Date
|
1
|
1.0
|
Alpha
|
23
September 2008
|
2
|
1.1
|
Beta
|
9
February 2009
|
3
|
1.5
|
Cupcake
|
27
April 2009
|
4
|
1.6
|
Donut
|
15
September 2009
|
5
|
2.0
|
Eclair
|
26
October 2009
|
6
|
2.1
|
Eclair
|
26
October 2009
|
7
|
2.2
|
Froyo
|
20
May 2010
|
8
|
2.2.3
|
Froyo
|
20
May 2010
|
9
|
2.3
|
Ginger Bread
|
6
December 2010
|
10
|
2.3.7
|
Ginger Bread
|
December
2010
|
11
|
3.0
|
Honey Comb
|
22
February 2011
|
12
|
3.2.6
|
Honey Comb
|
22
February 2011
|
13
|
4.0
|
Ice Cream Sandwich
|
18
October 2011
|
14
|
4.0.4
|
Ice Cream Sandwich
|
18
October 2011
|
15
|
4.1
|
Jelly Bean
|
9
July 2012
|
16
|
4.3.1
|
Jelly Bean
|
9
July 2012
|
17
|
4.4
|
Kitkat
|
31 October
2013
|
18
|
4.4.4
|
Kitkat
|
31
October 2013
|
19
|
5.0
|
Lollipop
|
31
October 2013
|
20
|
5.1.1
|
Lollipop
|
14
November 2014
|
21
|
6.0
|
Marshmallow
|
14
November 2014
|
22
|
6.0.1
|
Marshmallow
|
14
November 2014
|
23
|
7.0
|
Nougat
|
22
August 2016
|
24
|
7.1.1
|
Nougat
|
5
December 2016
|
25
|
7.1.2
|
Nougat
|
5
December 2016
|
26
|
8.0
|
Oreo
|
21
August 2017
|
27
|
8.1
|
Oreo
|
21
August 2017
|
28
|
9.0
|
Pie
|
6
August 2019
|
29
|
10.0
|
Android 10
|
3 September
2019
|
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